It wasn’t derogatory but it also wasn’t high praise. The author of the sound recording is typically the performer(s), the record producer, or both.Īnswers to specific individual questions should be obtained from qualified legal counsel.In the recent past, retro was nothing but a throwaway term for some song or clothing that was old and out-of-date. It is usually noted in the same way as the more familiar copyright symbol (example: ℗ 1987 Name of Owner). A specific sound recording copyright does not apply to any other rendition or version, even if performed by the same artist(s). The p stands for phonogram, a legal term applied to the master recording of music, spoken words, or sounds on LPs, audiotapes, cassette tapes, compact discs, etc. The symbol for copyrighted sound recordings is ℗. This legal protection may also extend artwork and photographic materials used in the creation of packaging. Copyrights generally apply to the life of the author (or last survivor of a team) plus 70 years, with some variations. The standard copyright symbol is © and applies to the author of a composition, the song and its lyrics. What are copyright and phonogram rights (© and ℗)? T16:21:19+00:00Ī song played on the radio encompasses two separate copyrights, one for the musical composition and one for the sound recording. What’s the difference between an O-Card (Cassingle sleeve) and a Norelco Box Sleeve? Many pros choose to duplicate their tapes without Dolby encoding for these reasons. Keep in mind that not all players have Dolby encoders and later versions of the original Dolby B also exist. The result should be that the original audio sounds unchanged, but the tape noise (most noticeable in the higher frequencies) on the copied tapes has been reduced by almost 10 dB. When played back on a deck with Dolby B engaged, the decoder reversed the boosts that were added to the original audio by the Dolby encoder according to the program levels that it senses. The copied tapes are duplicated with this encoding of shifted frequencies. The encoder basically boosts the upper frequencies while the audio is quiet, and doesn’t boost as much when the audio is loud (relative to a set threshold). The original master is run through a Dolby encoder. It does not fix a sound master with unwanted noise. If you like the sound of your original master, you don’t need Dolby.ĭolby B for cassettes is intended to reduce tape noise on copied tapes, while leaving the original audio unchanged. National Audio doesn’t recommend that you have Dolby applied if your listeners may not all have Dolby capabilities on their playback devices. Should I choose to apply Dolby B to my audio? Jonathan T14:06:39+00:00 Should I choose to apply Dolby B to my audio? It is archived and re-used unless you request additional audio changes on subsequent re-orders. We add a small one-time charge for a duplication master to your first order. They simply ensure that output levels are uniform on the left and right channels and consistent on all tracks maximizing the sound for the cassette format. Our engineers do not sonically alter your audio, unless requested. The duplication master also contains inaudible control tones and other automation data to operate our duplicating system. We create a master which is used to feed program material (sound) to as many as 20 slave duplicators. We do not duplicate from a master cassette. This produces cassettes with a higher output level, lower background noise, less wow and flutter, and a 55-60 dB crosstalk rejection between tracks. National Audio duplicates cassette tapes on high-speed, studio-quality, open-reel tape recorders known as duplicating slaves. If I provide my mastered audio to NAC, why do I have to pay for a duplication master? Jonathan T14:27:42+00:00
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